Hippocrates — Celsus — Rufus of Ephesus — Aretaeus of Cappadocia — Galen — Oribasius — Soranus of Ephesus — Moschion — Caelius Aurelianus — Aetius — Pliny the Younger — Scribonius Largus — Marcellus Empiricus — Theodorus Priscianus — Alexander Trallianus — Paulus Aegineta — Hero of Alexandria — Christian Fathers — The Arabs — Paré — Scultetus — Heister.

Steel and Iron — Bronze — Copper — Brass — Tin — Lead — Gold — Silver — Horn — Wood — Bone — Ivory — Stone — Execution and Ornamentation — Ringed Ornamentation — Inlaying — Plating — Patina — Finds of Instruments — Herculaneum and Pompeii — Find of Surgeon of Paris — Oculist Severus of Rheims — Oculist Sollemnis of Fonviel — Military Hospital at Baden — Surgeon of Cologne.

Cutting instruments — The scalpel handle — Typical form rectangular, with blunt dissector — Round — Octagonal — Mounting the blade — Varieties of blade — Classification — Straight blades with one cutting edge — Scalpel — Bistoury — Scarificator single or multiple — Razor type — Blunt-pointed bistoury — Ring knife for dismembering the foetus — Straight two-edged knives — Galen’s long dissecting knife — Phlebotome — Fleams — Katias — Spathion — Hemispathion — Polypus knife — Lithotomy knife — Knife for lithotomy invented by Meges — Perforator for foetal cranium — Probe-pointed bistoury with two edges — Curved bistoury — Crow-bill — Pterygium knife — Knife for plastic operation for entropion — Uvula knife — Tonsil knife — Fistula knife — Curved two-edged blades — Galen’s cartilage knife — Curved myrtle-leaf-shaped blade — Shears.

Specilla or probe-like instruments — Definition of specillum — κοπάριον — μήλη — ὑπάλειπτρον — Materials — Bronze — Silver — Gold — Tin — Wood — Bristle — Flower-stalk — Specillum as sound — Combination of instruments on one shaft — Plain rods — Double olive — Spathomele or spatula-probe — Cyathiscomele or spoon-probe — Ear specillum — Probe with screw thread — Specillum vulnerarium — Handled needle — Ophthalmic probe — Rasping specillum — Trachoma curette (Blepharoxyston) — Styli and styloid specilla — Grooved director — Surgical needle — Dressing needle — Bodkin — Eyed probes — Ligula — Spoons for warming and pouring salves — Tongue depressor — Uterine sounds — Uterine dilators — Bifurcated probe — Y probe — Blunt dissector — Curved dissectors — Sharp hooks — Blunt hooks — Aneurism needle — Strigil — Spoon for applying liquid to uvula.

Epilation — Polypus — Tumour vulsellum — Eyelid fixation forceps — Uvula (Staphylagra) — Forceps for applying caustic to uvula — Pharyngeal.

Bleeding cups — Materials — Glass — Silver — Bronze — Shapes — Syringes — Principles — Rectal — Vaginal and uterine — Bladder — Nose — Sinus — Ear — Insufflator — Cannula for ascites and empyema — Leaden tubes to prevent contraction and adhesion — Calamus scriptorius — Quill.

Cautery knife — Trident — Olivary — Gamma-shaped — Obol — Lunated — Nail — Tile — Button — Wedge — Needle — Cautery with tube — Wood — Moxa.

Raspatory — Chisel — Gouge — Lenticular — Hammer — Block — Meningophylax — Drill — Drill with guard (Abaptista) — Saw — Trephine — Perforator for fistula lachrymalis — Bone elevator — Sequestrum forceps — Varix extractor — Blacksmith’s tongs — Tooth forceps — Stump forceps — Tooth elevator — Tooth scalers — File — Forceps for extracting weapons — Periosteal elevator for the pericranium — Impellent — Arrow scoop.

Catheter — Male — Female — Child — Bladder sounds — Lithotomy scoop — Forceps — Lithotrite — Speculum — Rectal — Vaginal — Trivalve — Quadrivalve — Traction hook — Decapitator — Cranioclast — Cephalotribe — Midwifery forceps — Uterine curette — Instrument for destroying foetus in utero — Apparatus for fumigating uterus and vagina — Vaginal pessaries.

Sponge — Sutures — Serres fines — Band of Antyllus — Sieves and strainers — Mortar — Pestle — Whetstone.

Portable outfit — Probe cases — Scalpel box — Ointment box — Boxes for collyrium sticks — Ointment slabs — Boxes for drugs.